Autonomie numérique et technologique

Code et idées pour un internet distribué

Linkothèque. Carnet de bord


I was facing the same problem, so I have recompiled it using the PR and verified that it fixes the issue.

In the process I found a different issue introduced by a recent change so I created a fix in PR 562 for that new one.

While there is no official release that includes the fixes, I created a deb file with these patches, just in case it can be useful to others:

Unofficial release including the fixes

Captura de pantalla de vertidoscanarias.org

¿Vas a la playa? Mira antes si el agua está para bañarse: te enseñamos, en cristiano y playa por playa, el último análisis oficial de Sanidad. Y de paso, por qué en Canarias esto importa más de lo que parece.

Cómo plegar un A4 para hacer diferentes tipos de fanzines.

Decidir cómo va a ser el formato es cosa de gusto, para ello el cuarto paso, ya sabes que hay formas de maquetar casi infinitas, desde los folios plegados con grapas, sin ellas, con lomo, cosidos, encolados, imaginarios, invisibles, perpetuos, mágicos, miserables, rotos… Este punto tiene una amplitud interminable. Dependerá del dinero que quieras invertir, o del que tengas. Puedes conseguir dinero y hacer una edición formato dios, para conseguir el dinero hay muchos métodos, los legales también son válidos. Para ser sinceros, este paso no es tan importante aunque muchxs consideren que sí.

Distribución de páginas en un fanzine 8+1

Un Fanzine (abreviatura en inglés de « fan » (Fanático) & magazine (Revista), que se podría traducir como « revista para fanáticos »). Es una publicación temática realizada por y para aficionados.

Prácticamente es una forma de AUTO EDITAR (Tu propia editorial) tus propios trabajos, ya sean cuentos, dibujos, cómics, fotos, leyendas, informativo, indicaciones, opiniones, etc.

Es un trabajo artesanal, donde el autor hace el contenido, la edición, la impresión (Por lo general fotocopias), la publicidad y finalmente la misma distribución.

Steve Jobs durante su discurso de graduación de la promoción de 2005 de Stanford.

This is a prepared text of the Commencement Address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, on June 12, 2005.

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out, and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle, in a way that science can’t capture. And I found it fascinating.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them.

First, find the right jail to unban for. Use:

fail2ban-client status | grep "Jail list" | sed -E 's/^[^:]+:[ \t]+//' | sed 's/,//g'

to get the actual jail names. Then, use this to find the iptables rule name:

iptables -L -n

The rule name and jail name may not be the same but it should be clear which one is related to which.

Then, with Fail2Ban v0.8.8 and later:

fail2ban-client set unbanip

Where is the jail name, and is the IP address to unban.

With Fail2Ban before v0.8.8, the syntax is different:

fail2ban-client get actionunban

Captura de pantalla de infosecmonkey.com

A few patterns work well in practice. Use Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 (or 1.1.1.2 if you want malware blocking) as your primary, with Quad9 9.9.9.9 as your secondary. You get Cloudflare’s speed for the common case and Quad9’s blocking as a fallback if Cloudflare ever has a hiccup, which has happened, briefly, more than once. For a household with kids, 1.1.1.3 at the router level is the simplest configuration that exists; OpenDNS FamilyShield is the equivalent if you’d rather have Cisco’s categorization. If you want any kind of custom rules, site-by-site allowlists, per-device policies, time-of-day blocking, none of the free tiers really cuts it; that’s where NextDNS, ControlD, or a self-hosted Pi-hole start to make sense.

El caso es que necesitaba un libro. Un libro (esta parte es graciosa) sobre cultura libre cuyo autor, editor o distribuidor se tomó muchas molestias en que no fuera libre. Así que fui a una librería popular (nada de Amazon ni vertederos por el estilo) y me lo compré. Pero no recibí un libro a cambio. Lo que recibí fue un archivo .acsm. Si no sabes qué es un archivo .acsm, enhorabuena: significa que aún no te han estafado nunca de esta manera concreta, o que si lo han hecho has conseguido vivir feliz en la ignorancia de que te están estafando. Un .acsm no es un libro ni nada remotamente parecido. Es una nota que dice: « instálate el software de Adobe, regístrate en su plataforma regalándoles tus datos, cambia de sistema operativo si hace falta (en mi caso hace falta porque vivo en Linux y vivo bien), y entonces quizá te dejemos leer lo que ya has pagado, pero podremos borrarlo de tu ordenador cuando queramos, porque para leerlo te obligaremos a instalar malware en tus dispositivos (DRM). »

Websites constantly receive automated traffic from various bots and AI agents — some of it useful, some harmful. Search engine crawlers help readers find your content and improve your various rankings. Malicious bots can evaluate your website’s vulnerabilities, attempting login attacks, overloading server resources and mimic real users in ways that are difficult to detect. A growing proportion of automated traffic is now scraping your website’s content in order to train some large language model (AI).

Baskerville is a WordPress plugin designed to help you monitor, classify, and control automated traffic. It runs in the background giving you the visibility and tools to manage how bots and suspicious visitors interact with your site.

  • Spec-first: A well thought-out spec is written first, and then used in the AI-assisted development workflow for the task at hand.
  • Spec-anchored: The spec is kept even after the task is complete, to continue using it for evolution and maintenance of the respective feature.
  • Spec-as-source: The spec is the main source file over time, and only the spec is edited by the human, the human never touches the code.

A spec is a structured, behavior-oriented artifact – or a set of related artifacts – written in natural language that expresses software functionality and serves as guidance to AI coding agents. Each variant of spec-driven development defines their approach to a spec’s structure, level of detail, and how these artifacts are organized within a project.

There is a useful difference to be made I think between specs and the more general context documents for a codebase. That general context are things like rules files, or high level descriptions of the product and the codebase. Some tools call this context a memory bank, so that’s what I will use here. These files are relevant across all AI coding sessions in the codebase, whereas specs only relevant to the tasks that actually create or change that particular functionality.

-v Invert match, show lines that do not match
-e pattern Specify a pattern (use multiple times to exclude several)
–exclude= »GLOB » Skip files matching the glob pattern
–include= »GLOB » Search only files matching the glob pattern
–exclude-dir=DIR Skip directories matching the name
-r Recursive search (skips symlinks found while descending)
-R Recursive search (follows all symlinks)

‘egrep’ stands for « extended grep » and is a part of the grep family of commands used for text processing and pattern matching in Linux. It is preferred over basic grep when working with extended regular expressions, as it inherently supports meta-characters without requiring them to be escaped, thus simplifying complex searches. The ‘egrep’ command is also known for its speed and efficiency, making it a popular choice among system administrators and developers.

Captura de pantalla de emijiDB

Welcome to the EmojiDB beta! The database and this site are still being constructed, but in the mean time you can still use it. Click a search query below to find the perfect emoji.

Percentage change in hiring for construction categories since November 2022

The future of artificial intelligence depends on finding more skilled humans for some very physical jobs.

There is no parallel in American history for the boom underway in the construction of data centers, fueled by companies with functionally unlimited cash that are racing to supply skyrocketing demand for their A.I. models.

Developers are paying a premium for workers, especially in the rural areas where they are building data centers. According to an analysis by Indeed, the job listings website, hourly installation and maintenance jobs at data centers pay 42 percent more than similar jobs in other fields.

Joe Ottenbacher already switched careers, leaving early childhood education because of its bureaucracy and underfunding. He worries that an exodus of electricians from their $200,000-a-year data center jobs could depress wages for everybody else.

“If we have an influx of workers at this point with the data centers being built, what happens when they’re done? Where do those workers go?” he said. “How many people does it take to run a data center after taking up all this property and all this land that could have been used for something else?”

La metáfora es evidente: el tráfico procedente de Google o de una red social nunca fue propiedad del editor. Era tan solo audiencia prestada, sometida a unas reglas ajenas, a unos algoritmos opacos y a unas decisiones tomadas por empresas cuyos intereses podían cambiar en cualquier momento, como finalmente ha ocurrido. A pesar de eso, muchos medios, comercios y creadores se dedicaron a contabilizarlo como si fuese de alguna manera un activo propio: contrataron equipos, prometieron audiencias a los anunciantes, calcularon y capitalizaron flujos de ingresos futuros y diseñaron toda una estrategia alrededor de fuentes de visitas que podían desaparecer con una simple actualización del algoritmo.

En mi página, la caída apenas se ha notado. En parte, porque el tráfico procedente de buscadores nunca fue especialmente importante; en parte, porque no tengo publicidad y, por tanto, una visita más o menos no altera mi modelo económico, y sobre todo, porque escribo para aprender, preparar mis clases, ordenar ideas y conversar con quienes deciden volver habitualmente. Como ya expliqué recientemente en «La web sin visitas«, mi situación es claramente privilegiada: no necesito convertir cada lector en una impresión publicitaria ni adaptar cada título a los caprichos de ningún algoritmo. Frente a los idiotas que no han entendido nada y que se pasan por aquí para acusarme de escribir mediante inteligencia artificial porque lo dice «nosequé prueba diabólica», la realidad: no escribo con inteligencia artificial porque no me hace falta, no «necesito» generar un artículo al día para nada económicamente rentable. Lo necesito para aprender, y si me escribe el artículo un chatbot, no aprendo nada.

Captura de pantalla de golinuxcloud.com con principales comandos para obtener información de discos en Linux.

A Linux filesystem type tells you how data is organized inside a mounted path, partition, logical volume, USB drive, ISO image, or filesystem image. Common types include ext4, xfs, btrfs, vfat, ntfs, tmpfs, squashfs, iso9660, and swap.

The best command depends on what you are checking:

Check mount-point usage and filesystem types with df; the df and du covers -h, -T, and filtering pseudo-filesystems.

For a mounted path, use findmnt or df -T.
For a disk, partition, LVM volume, or USB drive, use lsblk -f or blkid.
For an unmounted device or filesystem image, use blkid or file -s.
For persistent mount configuration, check /etc/fstab.
For the currently mounted kernel view, check /proc/mounts or use findmnt.

The examples below were tested on an Ubuntu 25.04 host. The system uses an ext4 root filesystem on LVM, an ext4 /boot partition, tmpfs for /tmp, and an ISO9660 VirtualBox Guest Additions image mounted under /media.

SSH the server has a feature called X11Forwarding. It specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted or not. You need to set this parameter to yes. Once this is enabled, you will be able to run a graphical application on the server and get the application display (window) on your desktop.

For example, login on Linux/BSD system called server1-mydomain-com. Open the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file using text editor:

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Find out parameter X11Forwarding and set it to yes:

X11Forwarding yes

The main two reasons I could think about from all the strategic decision-making to using soldered RAM or socket RAM are the thermals, the efficiency, and the form factor

Not only are soldered modules much thinner, but rumor has it that they’re also easier to put together. With a RAM slot and a memory stick, you’d need an engineer to work on each laptop as it comes off the assembly line. Soldered parts don’t need that much human supervision and can be produced entirely by machines. Let’s not forget that they’re cheaper all on their own, without even considering the manpower required — they use fewer parts.

la mal llamada “IA” lleva cuatro años faltando a todas sus promesas. Iba a sustituir 300 millones de puestos de trabajo (no ocurrió), iba a curar el cáncer (tampoco), iba a sustituir a todos los programadores (hoy hay más que nunca) y a incrementar la productividad (no lo ha hecho). Iba a crear ejércitos autónomos (¿Anybody?) y a traer la “singularidad”, o el fin de la historia, el momento en que una superinteligencia haría innecesario al género humano. ¿Dónde se encuentra esa criatura hoy? Ni está ni se la espera.

Por supuesto que hay gente que lleva mucho tiempo explicando que la IA no es lo que dicen sus promotores; que ninguna tecnología que se limite a computar el lenguaje puede razonar realmente; que la naturaleza probabilística de los LLMs hace que sea imposible que dejen de alucinar y que por esa razón tienen muy mal encaje en el sistema productivo, que necesita certezas; que no existen barreras de entrada que permitan monopolizar esta tecnología de la manera en que otros gigantes tecnológicos lo hicieron en el pasado y que no es posible generar un modelo de negocio rentable para las empresas de la IA, mucho menos uno que justifique la valoración billonaria de algunas compañías.

Como consecuencia, lo que está ocurriendo en los mercados financieros solo se puede entender como una inmensa burbuja de expectativas en la que el dinero se mueve en círculos entre unas cuantas empresas sin llegar nunca a encontrar un cliente real. Es la enésima versión de una burbuja que lleva hinchándose desde que Internet cambió la naturaleza de la sociedad.

Aquí es donde empieza la parte verdaderamente interesante. Si los modelos se comoditizan, el valor se desplaza hacia arriba en la pila. La nueva capa crítica es la de orquestación: sistemas que reciben una tarea, la descomponen, deciden qué modelo conviene usar para cada parte, consultan memoria, llaman herramientas, verifican resultados, aplican políticas de seguridad, calculan costes y, en muchos casos, actúan. El modelo deja de ser el protagonista absoluto y pasa a ser un motor bajo el capó. La inteligencia empieza a estar en el router, en el agente, en la memoria, en los permisos, en los conectores, en la evaluación y en la gobernanza.

Para OpenAI, Anthropic, Google y el resto de laboratorios de frontera, esto plantea un dilema evidente. Seguirán siendo imprescindibles para la frontera, para tareas complejas, para investigación avanzada, para decisiones críticas o para situaciones donde la fiabilidad extrema justifique el precio. Pero una parte gigantesca del mercado no necesita siempre lo mejor: necesita lo suficientemente bueno, suficientemente barato, suficientemente rápido y suficientemente gobernable. Y ahí los modelos abiertos, chinos o no, tienen una oportunidad formidable.

Captura de pantalla de storydata.es

Ho assenyala el Banc d’Espanya al seu darrer Informe Anual, publicat aquest mes de juny: a Espanya s’acumula un dèficit d’unes 750.000 vivendes. 355.000 vivendes turístiques a tot l’Estat espanyol, tot i que suposen només l’1,5% del parc total, hi afegeixen pressió allà on es concentren. El seu pes es multiplica en determinats barris i poblacions costeres. L‘anunci de Collboni de no renovar les 10.000 llicències a Barcelona al novembre del 2028 podria revertir aquesta situació a la ciutat comptal.

Ce sont des espaces de coworking, des friches culturelles ou des ateliers de fabrication numérique (fablabs). Le gouvernement a mis fin au groupement d’intérêt public France Tiers-Lieux, qui coordonne la politique de soutien aux quelque 3 500 tiers-lieux du pays, dont plus d’un tiers en milieu rural. Créé en 2022, initialement pour trois ans, puis prolongé d’un an, France Tiers-Lieux a ainsi officiellement cessé son activité le 29 juin.

Wikipedia has long been a proxy battleground for warring ideas about truth: What constitutes balance? What makes a good source? But now, those online debates could result in real repercussions.

“The most important thing to understand about Wikipedia is it is truly a democracy,” said Bill Adair, who created the fact-checking site PolitiFact and is writing a book about the encyclopedia. “It’s messy, it’s loud, it often works.”

“We are not seeking to be part of culture wars, of political discourse,” Ms. Meehan said. “These are people who want to put knowledge into the world, for people to do with it what they want.”

To those convinced of bias on Wikipedia, her recommendation is simple: Become an editor.

The more urgent worry, though, is that Wikipedia is being exploited to train its own competitors, as A.I. systems hoover up its content to inform chatbots like Gemini, Claude and ChatGPT. The bots then regurgitate the information, often imperfectly, polluting the information ecosystem that feeds into the encyclopedia.

A.I.-generated summaries atop search results also siphon away potential visitors, she said. Human page views of Wikipedia’s English edition slumped 8 percent late last year compared with a year earlier. The decline is concerning enough that Ms. Meehan — whose favorite entry describes “tsundoku,” the Japanese term for collecting books and letting them pile up unread — is pushing to reach younger people through TikTok and Roblox.

Wikimedia wants more give-and-take from the A.I. industry. It now charges clients like Amazon and Microsoft for faster bulk access to its data through a four-year-old commercial subsidiary called Enterprise. Last year, Enterprise earned $8.3 million, more than doubling the prior year’s revenue.

This spring, Wikimedia also began limiting automated freeloaders from scraping its site and overwhelming its back end — which accounts for nearly a third of its most intensive bandwidth demands. But the foundation can currently halt only about 30 percent of abusive data requests — about 1.5 billion daily.

Since 2020, at least 10 Wikipedia editors have been imprisoned for their work and countless others threatened.Since 2020, at least 10 Wikipedia editors have been imprisoned for their work and countless others threatened.

Governments are also targeting Wikipedia content specifically. Of the 934 requests the foundation received last year to take down or alter content (it granted two), 117 came from governments, up from 10 a decade ago.

Most were from Russia, whose antagonism toward Wikipedia deepened after the country invaded Ukraine in 2022. Moscow has repeatedly accused the site of violating a sweeping censorship law that criminalized content deemed to “discredit” Russia’s military (Wikimedia refuses to pay the associated fines). A Russian clone of Wikipedia called Ruwiki was introduced in 2023; a Russian network of fake news portals managed to infiltrate some Wikipedia citations.

Polylang is a fantastic tool for creating multilingual WordPress sites, but it isn’t fully integrated with Full Site Editing (FSE) and Block themes. The traditional WordPress menus are absent in FSE and have been replaced with navigation blocks linked to wp_navigation posts. While Polylang offers some compatibility with FSE, the removal of classic menu functionality leaves users without a straightforward solution for translating navigation content. Additionally, navigation content is stored only in the database, making it impossible to embed directly in the theme’s code translating through WordPress’s native internationalization (i18n) features.

Making the navigation menus of a WordPress site translatable with the Polylang plugin can be achieved in just fifty lines of code. Here’s a step-by-step guide.

El mensaje del mercado: la IA es casi mágica, automatiza y escala. Pon la herramienta y olvídate.

Pero la ley dice lo contrario. El artículo 14 del AI Act exige supervisión por personas que entiendan las limitaciones del sistema, reconozcan el sesgo de automatización y puedan ignorar o parar el sistema cuando haga falta. El regulador sabe que la gente aprieta « aceptar » sin leer.

Y hay una trampa: si adaptas un modelo genérico para usos de alto riesgo ( contratación, evaluación, crédito) pasas a ser proveedor automáticamente. No existe el vacío de « la culpa es de la máquina ». Ellos lo dejan claro con frases como esta (« Claude es IA y puede cometer errores. Por favor, verifica las respuestas. »)

La paradoja de fondo: cuanto más automatizas, más se erosiona la capacidad del operador para supervisar con criterio real. El marketing dice « casi mágica ». La ley dice « necesitas personas competentes ». Las dos cosas no caben en la misma frase. Dicho de otra manera cuando el coche autónomo falla te dicen que pilles el volante.

La aceleración y la regulación van en direcciones opuestas. La pregunta no es si la IA funciona. La pregunta es si la persona que firma lo que la IA produce sabe lo que está firmando.

Porque cuando falle, la responsabilidad no caerá sobre el modelo. Caerá sobre quien lo desplegó sin entenderlo.

React Router is a multi-strategy router for React. There are three primary ways, or « modes », to use it in your app. Across the docs you’ll see these icons indicating which mode the content is relevant to:

Framework
Data
Declarative

The features available in each mode are additive, so moving from Declarative to Data to Framework simply adds more features at the cost of architectural control. So pick your mode based on how much control or how much help you want from React Router.

Why Headless UI Libraries matter in modern React?

Modern frontend development has shifted heavily toward custom design systems. Teams no longer want off-the-shelf UI kits that dictate colors, spacing, and layout. Instead, they want full control over styling while still getting:

Accessibility done right
Predictable behavior
Cross-browser consistency
Composable APIs

This is where headless UI libraries come in.